Best Practices of Apex In Salesforce - Here's the Complete Guide
Please follow these Salesforce Best Practices to improve our code Quality, Readability, and Reusability. Also, you can use Salesforce Best Practices to optimize our code.
Avoid DML/SOQL/SOSL statements in loops:
Do not place SOQL or DML (insert/update/delete/undelete) statements inside a loop
When these operations are placed inside a for loop, database operations are invoked once per iteration of the loop making it very easy to reach these SFDC governor limits
Solution: Move SOQL/DML out of loops
Query: If you need query results, get all the records using a single query and iterate over the resultset
Update: If you need to update, batch up the data into a collection and invoke DML once for that collection
Bulkify your Code:
Using Collections, Streamlining Queries, and Efficient For Loops
Querying Large Data Sets
Use of the Limits Apex Methods to Avoid Hitting Governor Limits
Use @future Appropriately
Writing Test Methods to Verify Large Datasets
Don't forget to check out: What is Apex in Salesforce? | The Developer Guide
Avoid Hardcoding IDs:
Make sure that the helper methods are properly designed to handle bulk records
These methods should be written to be invoked with a set of records, especially if the method has a SOQL query or DML operation
Use the power of the SOQL where clause to query all data needed in a single query
public static void hardCodeIdExample() {
if (opp.RecordTypeId == '016500000005WAr') {
//do some logic here.....
} else if (opp.RecordTypeId == '016500000008WAr') {
//do some logic here for a different record type...
}
}
If you run the above code in different environments, it will fail. Then Please use this code snippet:
public static void hardCodeIdExample() {
if (opp.RecordTypeId == Schema.sObjectType.Opportunity.getRecordTypeInfosByName().get('Test') ) {
//do some logic here.....
} else if (opp.RecordTypeId == Schema.sObjectType.Opportunity.getRecordTypeInfosByName().get('TestData’')) {
//do some logic here for a different record type...
}
}
Bulkify your Helper Method
Make sure that the helper methods are properly designed to handle bulk records
These methods should be written to be invoked with a set of records, especially if the method has a SOQL query or DML operation
Use the power of the SOQL where clause to query all data needed in a single query
Use only one trigger per sObject Type.
Avoid logic in the trigger.
Apex unit test should not use SeeAllData True
Naming Conventions
Apex Class naming convention (Pascal case)
E.g: public class DataClass { }
Method naming conventions (Camel Case)
E.g.: public void testMethod() { }
Field or local variable naming conventions (Camel Case)
E.g.: Integer instanceField;
For More Salesforce Naming Conventions refer to this link: Salesforce Naming Conventions
Apex unit test class should have asserts
One Assert Statement per method: Always include assert statements for both positive and negative tests.
System.assert(condition, msg)
System.assertEquals(expected, actual, msg)
System.assertNotEquals(expected, actual, msg)
Increase readability by indenting code and breaking up long lines.
Avoid nesting loops within loops.
Check out another amazing blog by Aman here: Knowledge of Salesforce Flow and Different Type of Flows and Its Elements
Write comments with a good balance between quality and quantity (explain, but don't over-explain). Always provide documentation comments (method and class headers). Provide inline comments only when necessary to clarify complex code.
Break methods into multiple smaller methods if possible, making your code more modular and easier to read and maintain.
Make reusability of Apex Code
Code coverage
Bulk Records
Positive & Negative testing.
Restricted User testing.
One Assert Statement per method
should not use @isTest(seeAllData=true)
Use Database Methods while doing DML operation
Test Multiple Scenarios
Note: If you are using Visual Studio Code as your IDE, consider using the Apex PMD extension (included in the Resources section) to automatically check your code for best practices.
Responses